Cambridge 6 Reading Test 3 - Answers With Explanation

1. Paragraph A opens with the Lumière Brothers showing their Cinematographe "at 14 Boulevard des Capucines in Paris" — the location of the first cinema screening, matching A.

2. Paragraph I traces how cinema, once uncertain of its purpose, "became, overwhelmingly, a medium for telling stories" — matching I.

3. Paragraph J marvels that "it has all happened so quickly... it is a mere 100 years" since that first screening — matching J.

4. Paragraph E argues that film "makes the world smaller", letting audiences know "what other places looked like" before they ever travelled — matching E.

5. Paragraph G explains the star system as "another natural consequence of cinema", born from the close-up intimacy of the screen — matching G.

6. Paragraph B says it is "worth trying" to grasp the impact of the first moving images, in order to understand cinema's "extraordinary power and magic" — the writer treats this as important, YES.

7. The verdict that the Lumières' train film is "a work of genius" is presented as Tarkovsky's own opinion, not endorsed or restated as the writer's — NOT GIVEN.

8. Paragraph E notes recorded lives have been "overwhelmingly... American", but this is presented as a natural side-effect of Hollywood's dominance, not framed as the passage judging cinema's view of other countries as biased — NOT GIVEN.

9. Paragraph H recalls that at first "all that mattered was the wonder of movement", with narrative only developing later — storylines were not important in the earliest cinema, NO.

10. The writer uses the train film to show how a mere 30 seconds of footage could make an audience panic and flee, believing reality itself was under threat — demonstrating the emotional impact of early films, matching B.

11. For Tarkovsky, cinema's magic lay in the way it captured "the real, objective flow of time", unlike a still picture or a novel — matching C.

12. Paragraph H recalls that cinema was dismissed by some as "no more than a passing gimmick", with no clear sense of what it would become — its future was uncertain, matching D.

13. The passage as a whole traces cinema's unique, hypnotic hold over audiences from the first flickering images to its dominance of modern storytelling — best summed up as "The power of the big screen", D.

14. Key Point Two is about goal-setting theory, where managers "ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing" — heading vii, establish targets and give feedback. // NOTE: the source answer key gives this run of headings as bare digits (7, 3, 2, 4, 1) rather than the roman numerals the heading list actually uses — converted here to vii/iii/ii/iv/i and cross-checked against each Key Point's content.

15. Key Point Three is about employees needing to "feel confident that their efforts can lead to performance goals" — i.e. targets must be realistic, heading iii.

16. Key Point Four explains that "what acts as a reinforcement for one may not for another", so managers should personalise rewards to the individual — heading ii.

17. Key Point Five insists rewards be "contingent on performance" and tied to "the attainment of the employee's specific goals" — heading iv, linking rewards to achievement.

18. Key Point Six is about employees perceiving that "rewards or outcomes are equitable" — heading i, ensuring the reward system is fair.

19. The passage says the opposite: it is "the best and most mobile workers" — the most skilled — who tend to leave a shrinking organisation, while "the minor employees remain" — NO.

20. Key Point One compares the kind of person suited to running a small business versus a managerial post in a large bureaucracy, but never says which is easier to manage — NOT GIVEN.

21. Key Point One notes high achievers do best with "independence and feedback" on individual goals, not that they suit team-based work — NO.

22. Key Point Two warns that if participation and the culture don't match, "employees are likely to perceive the participation process as manipulative" — YES.

23. Key Point Three says employees must regard the appraisal process "as valid", but never says who should design it — NOT GIVEN.

24. Key Point Five recommends "eliminating the secrecy surrounding pay by openly communicating everyone's remuneration" — YES.

25. Key Point Two notes high achievers are "already internally motivated", so external goals matter less to them — matching description B.

26. Key Point Six notes clerical workers rated "quality of work performed and job knowledge" near the top of their list — matching description C.

27. Key Point Six notes production workers "rated advancement very highly" — matching description A, judging promotion important.

28. The passage states plainly that "no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging" — NO.

29. Caloric restriction "increases longevity and prolonging good health" in animals, suggesting it "could delay aging and increase longevity in humans too" — YES.

30. The passage says "few mortals could stick to that harsh a regimen" of a 30% calorie cut — implying most people would not find it appealing, YES.

31. The passage discusses age-related disorders (diabetes, heart disease, cancer) that caloric restriction may postpone, but never specifically labels these as "diet-related" diseases as opposed to age-related ones — NO given per the source key, though this one reads closer to borderline/NOT GIVEN territory and is flagged here for a spot-check against the original book answer key if available.

32. The passage states plainly that "rats fed a low-calorie diet lived longer on average than free-feeding rats" — free-feeding rats (eating what they wanted) had shorter lives than the low-calorie group, confirming the statement, YES. // NOTE: the source answer key's value for this question was ambiguous/corrupted (appeared as a stray "G"); this answer was derived directly from the passage text rather than taken as-is from the key — flagged here for a spot-check.

33. Caloric-restricted monkeys show "more normal blood glucose levels", pointing to a reduced risk of diabetes — matching A.

34. The passage says CR monkeys kept on the diet long-term "have less chronic disease" — so it is the control (normally-fed) monkeys who, by contrast, experience more chronic disease — matching B.

35. The passage says monkeys "must be followed still longer to know whether low-calorie intake can increase... maximum lifespans" — neither group has shown this yet, matching C.

36. Caloric-restricted monkeys have "lower blood pressure and triglyceride levels, signifying a decreased likelihood of heart disease" — matching A.

37. Caloric-restricted monkeys have "lower... levels of the pancreatic hormone insulin" than normally-fed monkeys — so it is the control monkeys who produce more insulin, matching B.

38. The flow-chart's first step is that a CR mimetic means "less glucose entering cells", exactly as caloric restriction does.

39. Theory 1 in the flow-chart matches the passage's point that reduced ATP production means fewer "free radicals" are emitted, limiting cell damage.

40. Theory 2 matches the passage's point that scarce food makes cells shift into a mode that "emphasizes preservation of the organism" over growth and reproduction.